ICHD-3 defines migraine duration as lasting between 4 and 72* hours if untreated or unsuccessfully treated.

*Or between 2-72 hours for children.

Some people do not experience aura as part of their migraine, so it is not a required criterion for diagnosis.

In lower-income populations, limited insurance, financial barriers, and provider shortages often delay diagnoses and restrict access to specialized migraine care.

Research has shown that Black, Hispanic, and other minority populations are significantly underdiagnosed with migraines compared to white populations.

Opioids are not recommended for migraine treatment as they can contribute to medication adaptation headache.

Overusing acute medications can lead to medication adaptation headache, so limiting their use to 2–3 days per week is essential for prevention.

Preventive treatment is recommended for patients with ≥4 migraine days/month or significant disability from ≥2 days per month.

Early preventive treatment helps reduce attack frequency and prevents progression to chronic migraine (≥15 headache days/month).

Preventive treatment is recommended when acute medications do not provide adequate relief or cause significant side effects.

Oral CGRP blockers specifically target migraine pathways and have fewer systemic side effects than older preventives like beta-blockers or anticonvulsants.

These treatments offer long-lasting CGRP inhibition with monthly or quarterly dosing, improving convenience and adherence.

Acetaminophen is not a preventive treatment for migraines. It is used for acute symptom relief, unlike the other options listed.

Some neuromodulation devices are contraindicated in people with implanted electronic or metal devices, like pacemakers, due to safety concerns.

Lifestyle modifications work alongside medications to help prevent migraines by addressing triggers and overall health.

Breakthrough migraine attacks can still occur in patients on preventive treatments, making acute care essential for symptom relief.

Gepants block CGRP receptors, directly targeting the migraine pathways to reduce pain and inflammation.

Triptans may cause side effects such as chest tightness, dizziness, and fatigue.

Anti-nausea medications are used to relieve nausea and help other acute medications absorb more effectively during migraine attacks.

Patient education can help individuals make informed decisions, avoid harmful interactions, and use treatments safely based on their health status and needs.